II. The
many meanings of planning
[pp.8-27]
Introduction
Wartime planning
Town and country planning
Anticyclical planning
----National planning
----Regional planning
Summary and conclusionsIII. The
spread of development planning
[pp. 28-44]
Early planning
Postwar planning
Summary and conclusionsIV. Stages
of development planning
[pp. 45-102]
Introduction
The socialized countries
----Evolution of central
planning
----The pattern of
decentralization
The mixed economies
----Three stages of planning
----Premature comprehensive
planning
----Experience favors staged
approach
Difficulties of comprehensive planning
----The problem of projects
----Rationalising current
public investment
Summary and conclusionsV. Development
plans
[pp. 103-169]
Planning without plans
The variety of plans
The formal status of plans
The duration of plans
----Short-term plans
----Medium-term plans
----Long-term plans
----Plan continuity and
flexibility
----Rolling plans
----Annual plans
Plan objectives
Plan targets
Summary and conclusionsVI. Basic
data for planning
[pp. 170-200]
Relationship between data and planning
----Data needed for planning
The question of priorities
----Planning with inadequate
data
Improving planning data
----Blueprints for statistical
betterment
Summary and conclusions
VII. The
budget's role in planning
[pp. 201-248]
The relationship between plan and budget
Inadequacies of conventional budgets
----Budgetary fragmentation
----Consequences of staff
inadequacies
----Deficiencies in budget
procedures
----Poor accounting
----Classification systems
Budgetary reform
----Budgetary comprehensiveness
----Complementarity of capital
and current expenditures
----Is a divided budget
desirable for planning?
----Program on performance
budgeting
----Order of priority
Summary and conclusions
VIII. Administrative
obstacles to planning
[pp. 249-292]
The administrative problem
Backward personnel practices
Dilatory procedures
Archaic accounting and financial controls
Lack of co-ordination
Inadequate organization
Maladministration and the private sector
Dealing with administrative obstacles
----The difficulties of reforms
----The nuclei approach
----Measuring administrative
capacity
Summary and conclusions
IX. The
implementation of plans
[pp. 293-370]
Promise and performance
----Sectoral shortfalls
Manifestations of failure
----Overemphasis on financial
targets
----Underspending
----Delays in execution
----High costs
----Inferior construction
----Low yields
----Unused capacity
Why implementation lags
----Dispersal of resources
----Lack of discipline
----Inadequate preparatory
work on projects
----Lack of engineering
supervision
----Administrative and
procedural delays
Relating plan formulation to implementation
----The problem posed
----Formulation vs.
implementation
----Importance of
administration and politics
----Measuring inept
administration and political commitment
Improving implementation
----Improving the conditions
of implementation
----Evaluating plan progress
Summary and conclusions
Part two: the organization of planningX. Planning
machinery priorities
[pp. 371-384]
Introduction
When a central planning agency works badly
Priority for programming units
Priority for improving budgetary procedures
A planned approach to planning organization
Summary and conclusions XI. The
distribution of planning functions
[pp. 385-434]
The need for definition
Responsibility for annual operational plan
The planning agency and the budget office
Relation between planning and statistical agencies
Co-ordinating technical skills
Negotiating financing
Responsibility for regional plans
Responsibility for projects and programs
----Training institutes
----Interministry project
review committees
Co-ordination plan implementation
----As an advisory function
----As an executive function
Separate implementing agencies
Summary and conclusions
XII. The
funtion and role of a central planning agency
[pp. 435-466]
Functions of a central planning agency
Role of a central planning agency
----Eliciting public
participation
Summary and conclusions
XIII. Locating
a central planning agency
[pp.467-490]
Introduction
The planning agency and the chief executive
Autonomous planning agencies
Planning agencies in ministries
Summary and conclusions
XIV. Types
of central planning agencies
[pp. 491-515]
Introduction
Cabinet committees
Mixed committees
Number of planning tiers
The technical planning agency
Summary and conclusions
XV. Organization
of a central planning agency
[pp. 516-538]
Staffing difficulties
Legal authority
The organization chart
The task force approach
Summary and conclusions
XVI. Subnational
regional and local planning bodies
[pp. 539-576]
Planning bodies in political regions and localities
----In socialized countries
----In mixed economies with
federal governments
----In mixed economies with
unitary governments
----In individual political
subdivisions
Planning bodies in economic regions
Summary and conclusions
XVII. Programing
units in operating organizations
[pp. 565-576]
The function and role of programing units
The establishment of programming units
Summary and conclusions
Appendix I. Colombia:
questionnaire on investment programs of public entities [pp. 577-578]
Appendix II. Argentina:
questionnaire on public investment programs [pp. 579-586]
Appendix III. National
plans [pp. 587-686]
Appendix IV. Central
planning agencies [pp. 687-695]
Appendix V. Organization
chart of Iran's plan organization [p. 696]
Appendix VI. The
Philippines National Economic Council [p. 697]
Appendix VII. Morroco
(1960) Division of Economic Coordination and Planning [p. 698]
Appendix VIII. India's
Planning Commission [pp. 699-700]
Appendix IX. Pakistan,
organization chart, planning commission, President's secretariat [p.
701]
Appendix X. Turkey's
State Planning Organization [p. 702] Works
cited [pp. 703-724] Name
index [pp. 725-728] Subject
index [pp. 729-748]
